In this Business Statistics and Operations Research PDF Notes eBook for NTA UGC NET Management complete theoretical concepts and practical are included followed by MCQs at the end.
Business Statistics and Operations Research PDF Notes eBook – UGC NET Management
It is the method of analysis by which management receives aid for their decisions. Though the name of this method, Operation Research (O.R.) is relatively new, the method used for this is not a new one. Operation Research is concerned with the application of the principles and the methods of science to the problems of strategy.
The subject of operation research pdf notes was born during Second World War in the U.K. and was used for military strategy. During World War II, a group of scientists, having representatives from mathematics, statistics, and physical and social sciences were entrusted to the study of various military operations. This team was very successful and greatly contributed to the meticulous handling of the entire operation and related problems of the operation.
The need for assigning such studies for operations arose because military strategies and their decisions become so important and costly and therefore, the best scientists, under the sponsorship of military organs were grouped together to provide quantitative information by adopting scientific techniques and methods for facilitating in taking decisions.
After World War II, it was started applied in the fields of industry, trade, agriculture, planning, and various other fields of economy.
The operation research can be defined as:
Definitions:
(i) It is the application of scientific methods, techniques, and tools to problems involving the operations of a system so as to provide those in control of the system with optimum solutions to the problems.
(ii) Operation Research is a tool for taking decisions that searches for the optimum results in parity with the overall objectives and constraints of the organization.
(iii) O.R. is a scientific method of providing the executive department with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control.
Business Statistics
Business statistics pdf notes takes the data analysis tools from elementary statistics and applies them to business. For example, estimating the probability of a defect coming off a factory line, or seeing where sales are headed in the future. Many of the tools used in business statistics are built on ones you’ve probably already come across in basic math: mean, mode, and median, bar graphs, the bell curve, and basic probability. Hypothesis testing (where you test out an idea) and regression analysis (fitting data to an equation) build on this foundation.
Basically, the course is going to be practically identical to an elementary statistics course. There will be slight differences. The questions will have a business feel, as opposed to questions about medicine, social sciences, or other non-business subjects. Data samples will likely be business-oriented. Some subjects usually found in a basic stats course (like multiple regression) might be downplayed or omitted entirely in favor of more analysis of business data.
Business Statistics and Operations Research eBook PDF Notes for UGC NET Management
Table of Contents
| Chapter No. | Title | Page No. |
| 1 | Measures of central tendency | 3-8 |
| 2 | Measures of dispersion | 9-11 |
| 3 | Measures of skewness | 12-14 |
| 4 | Correlation and regression of two variables | 15-28 |
| 5 | Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem | 29-37 |
| 6 | Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions | 38-42 |
| 7 | Research: Concept and types; Research designs | 43-49 |
| 8 | Data: Collection and classification of data | 50-52 |
| 9 | Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling – probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation | 53-60 |
| 10 | Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test | 61-72 |
| 11 | Report writing | 73-76 |
| 12 | Introduction To Operations Management: Role and Scope | 77-83 |
| 13 | Facility Location and Layout: Site Selection and Analysis, Layout – Design and Process | 84-92 |
| 14 | Enterprise Resource Planning – ERP Modules, ERP implementation | 93-99 |
| 15 | Scheduling; Loading, Sequencing and Monitoring | 100-106 |
| 16 | Total Quality Management : Quality Management and Statistical Quality Control, Quality Circles | 107-121 |
| 17 | KAIZEN, Benchmarking, Six Sigma; ISO 9000 Series Standards | 122-132 |
| 18 | Operation Research: Transportation, Queuing Decision Theory, PERT / CPM | 133-181 |
| MCQs | 182-190 |
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