UGC NET Commerce Syllabus Paper 2 (Updated) Unit-Wise (Code-08)

UGC NET Paper 2 Commerce Syllabus (Updated) Code 08 unit-wise. The UGC NET Commerce syllabus discuss more topics to the concepts of managing, business and commercial aspects with main topics on Business Environment & International Business/Finance/ Accounting/ Auditing tactics/ learning the funnel of business/ to marketing Management/ Legal aspects of Business. The UGC NET Subject code for the Commerce syllabus is 08. 



Unit-wise UGC NET Commerce Syllabus Paper 2 (Updated) Code 08

It consists of two papers namely Paper-I and Paper-II with a total of 150 questions with multiple-choice questions (MCQ)s type. UGC NET Exam is one of the toughest national entrance tests having 81 subjects options for students to choose in their field of expertise. It is conducted two times a year, to check the candidate’s eligibility for seat vacancy in Assistant Professor/Lectureship and Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) across diverse colleges/universities in India.

 

UGC NET Commerce Syllabus 2022 Unit-Wise

Enlisted in the following is the curated list of Commerce syllabus Units (I-X) with all the relevant topics, helping the students to revise the syllabus topics easily. In addition, we have mentioned the UGC NET syllabus  unit-wise

Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business

The chapters under this unit mostly describe studies on political, economic, social, and cultural concepts and elements of the business environment, the theoretical ideas of trade in international business, regional integration for the economy, and the global trading environment.



Business Environment and International Business Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Concepts and elements of business environment Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment; Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Scope and importance of international business Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business
Theories of international trade Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy
Balance of payments (BOP) Importance and components of BOP
Regional Economic Integration Levels of Regional Economic Integration.Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA 
International Economic institutions IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
World Trade Organisation (WTO) Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS



Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing

This unit talks about the combination of accounting to auditing in the commercial world. Accounting involves learning about basic accounting principles, analysis of financial statements that are tracking, reporting, and experimenting on transactions related to finances. On the other hand, auditing is a verification process of the accounting entries and financial statements, providing the sorted results.

Accounting and Auditing Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Basic accounting principles concepts and postulates
Partnership Accounts Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms
Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
Holding company accounts
Cost and Management Accounting Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT
Financial Statements Analysis Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis 
Human Resources Accounting Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
Auditing Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
Recent Trends in Auditing Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit

Unit 3: Business Economics

Deals with the field of applied economics that emphasize more on the objective of financial, organizational, environmental impact and solutions with the behavior of consumers in the business firms.



Business Economics Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Meaning and scope of business economics
Objectives of business firms
Demand analysis Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR
Consumer behavior Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
Law of Variable Proportions Law of Returns to Scale
Theory of cost Short-run and long-run cost curves
Price determination under different market forms Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
Pricing strategies Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing

Unit 4: Business Finance

With the aim to focus on acquiring the in-depth means of grasping the scope and source of finance, analysis on rate risk and hedging, an international monetary system with the credit and funds with work in the commercial business.




Business Finance Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
Cost of capital and time value of money
Capital structure
Capital budgeting decisions
Working capital management; Dividend decision Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
International monetary system
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
International financial markets and instruments Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods

Topics tend to discuss the importance and the application of statistics, probability, data, and research, and measures in the business world.




 Business Statistics and Research Methods Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Measures of skewness
Correlation and regression of two variables
Probability Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
Probability distributions Binomial, poisson and normal distributions 
Research Concept and types; Research designs
Data Collection and classification of data
Sampling and estimation Concepts; Methods of sampling – probability and nonprobability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation
Hypothesis testing z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
Report writing

Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management

To learn about the functions, structure, principles, leadership in corporate governance or business ethics, culture organizational, personality, management of human resources of Management.

Business Management and Human Resource Management Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Principles and functions of management
Organization structure Formal and informal organizations; Span of control
Responsibility and authority Delegation of authority and decentralization
Motivation and leadership Concept and theories
Corporate governance and business ethics
Human resource management Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning
Compensation management Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits
Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
Personality Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
Organizational Culture Organizational development and organizational change

Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions

Ideas behind the role of this topic are to study the overview of the Indian financial system, markets, institutions, regulators, sectors, sector reforms, insurance on banking.

Banking and Financial Institutions Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Overview of Indian financial system
Types of banks Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks
Reserve Bank of India Functions; Role and monetary policy management
Banking sector reforms in India Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management
Financial markets Money market; Capital market; Government securities market
Financial Institutions Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds
Financial Regulators in India
Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
Digitisation of banking and other financial services Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems
Insurance Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role

Unit 8: Marketing Management

The unit itself is also a part of an MBA course in many institutions about the key role of marketing and business, concepts, approaches, decision-making in a product, pricing decisions, promotions, and more under the management.

Marketing Management Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Marketing Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning 
Product decisions Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development
Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies
Promotion decisions Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods – Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix
Distribution decisions Channels of distribution; Channel management
Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions
Service marketing
Trends in marketing Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
Logistics management

Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business

Focuses on the legal aspects of business, partnership, corporation, and proprietorship with the law including the elements of a valid contract, agreement, provisions with the good and services.




Legal Aspects of Business Chapters & Topics
Chapters Topics
Indian Contract Act, 1872 Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts
Special contracts Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency
Sale of Goods Act, 1930 Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
The Companies Act, 2013 Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
Limited Liability Partnership Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
The Competition Act, 2002 Objectives and main provisions
The Information Technology Act, 2000 Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties
The RTI Act, 2005 Objectives and main provisions
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST

Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning

Emphasis on the learning of the tax imposed by the government on the wages/income generated by business private/public means. To encircle the strategic measures and structuring of operations in business, to avoid legally increased tax costs rather than illegal, especially to reduce taxes or other deductions.



Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Chapters & Topics
Chapters

Topics

Income-tax Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
International Taxation Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing
Corporate Tax Planning Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations

Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income tax returns

Suggested Books and Notes

NTA UGC NET Commerce by Dr. Gaurav Jangra

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Written by 

Dr. Gaurav has a doctorate in management, a NET & JRF in commerce and management, an MBA, and a M.COM. Gaining a satisfaction career of more than 10 years in research and Teaching as an Associate professor. He published more than 20 textbooks and 15 research papers.

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